TDOT doesn't encase the beams inside of the pier diaphragms. TDOT places an 18" diaphragm between the beam ends with bent-up strands being used for anchorage into the diaphragm. If the bridge is skewed, the diaphragms are skewed at a different angle than the pier is in order to maintain the 18" diaphragm width. See attached details for an example of this.
Civil Product Used | OpenBridge Designer, OpenBridge Modeler |